node-http

绝对地址和相对地址

http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/9225544683537d851648f4e0.html

相对地址的定义：

被链接文件相对于当前页面的地址。只包含本地路径的网页地址，地址通常以“/”和“../”表示层级关系。

绝对地址的定义：

绝对地址就是文件在网络或本地的绝对位置。绝对，具有唯一性，如官网地址。绝对地址是互联网上的独立地址，在任何网站通过这个地址可以直接到达目标网页。包含主域名和目录地址。

比如

querystring

http://zhidao.baidu.com/link?url=M9_pYJ44i4SvL8E_4o7tT9g_qhKuplPxmnl5-c8NOt-jApN6XSbQCfxCUXnpDygPS2znebrpd-EwcPuc6J9a

url 和 uri

http://www.cnblogs.com/gaojing/archive/2012/02/04/2413626.html

http status code

http://www.restapitutorial.com/httpstatuscodes.html

https://github.com/nodejs/io.js/blob/master/lib/_http_server.js

500 : 'Internal Server Error',
403 : 'Forbidden',
404 : 'Not Found',
304 : 'Not Modified',
200 : 'OK',

http verbs

verbs = 动词

http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec9.html

get
post
delete
put

// respond with "Hello World!" on the homepage
app.get('/user:id', function (req, res) {
  res.send('Hello World!');
});

// accept POST request on the homepage
app.post('/user/create', function (req, res) {
  res.send('Got a POST request');
});

// accept PUT request at /user
app.put('/user/:id', function (req, res) {
  res.send('Got a PUT request at /user');
});

// accept DELETE request at /user
app.delete('/user/:id', function (req, res) {
  res.send('Got a DELETE request at /user');
});

更多node里的verbs实行，见 https://github.com/jshttp/methods/blob/master/index.js

req取参数的3种方法

expressjs里的请求参数，4.x里只有3种

req.params
req.body
req.query

已经废弃的api

req.param(Deprecated. Use either req.params, req.body or req.query, as applicable.)

req.params

app.get('/user/:id', function(req, res){
  res.send('user ' + req.params.id);
});

俗点：取带冒号的参数

req.body

Contains key-value pairs of data submitted in the request body. By default, it is undefined, and is populated when you use body-parsing middleware such as body-parser and multer.

This example shows how to use body-parsing middleware to populate req.body.

var app = require('express')();
var bodyParser = require('body-parser');
var multer = require('multer'); 

app.use(bodyParser.json()); // for parsing application/json
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true })); // for parsing application/x-www-form-urlencoded
app.use(multer()); // for parsing multipart/form-data

app.post('/', function (req, res) {
  console.log(req.body);
  res.json(req.body);
})

可以肯定的一点是req.body一定是post请求，express里依赖的中间件必须有bodyParser，不然req.body是没有的。

详细的说明在下面的3种post用法里。

req.query

query是querystring

说明req.query不一定是get

// GET /search?q=tobi+ferret
req.query.q
// => "tobi ferret"

// GET /shoes?order=desc&shoe[color]=blue&shoe[type]=converse
req.query.order
// => "desc"

req.query.shoe.color
// => "blue"

req.query.shoe.type
// => "converse"

因为有变态的写法

// POST /search?q=tobi+ferret
{a:1,b:2}
req.query.q
// => "tobi ferret"

post里看不的，用req.body取。

准备工作

var app = express();
var multer  = require('multer')

// for raw data
app.use(function(req, res, next){
  if (req.is('text/*')) {
    req.text = '';
    req.setEncoding('utf8');
    req.on('data', function(chunk){ req.text += chunk });
    req.on('end', next);
  } else {
    next();
  }
});

app.use(multer({ 
    dest: './uploads/',
  rename: function (fieldname, filename) {
    return filename.replace(/\W+/g, '-').toLowerCase() + Date.now()
  }
}))

说明

express4之后上传组件使用multer
express4之前是由req.text的，但不知道是什么原因在4里取消了。

3种不同类型的post

var express = require('express');
var router = express.Router();

/* GET users listing. */
router.get('/', function(req, res) {
  res.send('respond with a resource');
});

router.get('/:id', function(req, res) {
  res.send('respond with a resource' + request.params.id);
});

router.post('/post', function(req, res) {
  // res.send('respond with a resource');
    res.json(req.body);
});

router.post('/post/formdata', function(req, res) {
  // res.send('respond with a resource');
    console.log(req.body, req.files);
    console.log(req.files.pic.path);
    res.json(req.body);
});

router.post('/post/raw', function(req, res) {
  // res.send('respond with a resource');
    res.json(req.text);
});


module.exports = router;

Post with x-www-form-urlencoded

see post.html

    <script>
    $(function(){
        $.ajaxSetup({
          contentType: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8"
        });

        $.post("/users/post", { name: "i5a6", time: "2pm" },
           function(data){
             console.log(data);
           }, "json");

    });
    </script>

in routes/users.js

    router.post('/post', function(req, res) {
      // res.send('respond with a resource');
        res.json(req.body);
    });

Post with form-data

主要目的是为了上传

npm install --save multer

Usage

var express = require('express')
var multer  = require('multer')

var app = express()
app.use(multer({ dest: './uploads/'}))

You can access the fields and files in the request object:

console.log(req.body)
console.log(req.files)

重要提示： Multer will not process any form which is not multipart/form-data

Post with raw

To get the raw body content of a request with Content-Type: "text/plain" into req.rawBody you can do:

https://gist.github.com/tj/3750227

req.rawBody已经被干掉了，现在只能用req.text

下面是tj给出的代码片段

var express = require('./')
var app = express();

app.use(function(req, res, next){
  if (req.is('text/*')) {
    req.text = '';
    req.setEncoding('utf8');
    req.on('data', function(chunk){ req.text += chunk });
    req.on('end', next);
  } else {
    next();
  }
});

app.post('/', function(req, res){
  res.send('got "' + req.text + '"');
});

app.listen(3000)

命令行玩法

#! /bin/bash

echo -n "post common"
curl -d "a=1&b=2" http://127.0.0.1:3001/users/post

echo -n 'post formdata'
curl -F 'pic=@"img/post-common.png"' -F 'a=1' -F 'b=2'  http://127.0.0.1:3001/users/post/formdata

echo -n 'post raw json'

curl -d "{"a":"1","b":"2","c":{"a":"1","b":"2"}}" http://127.0.0.1:3001/users/post

如不清楚，请 man curl.

supertest用法

稍后补上（柯织）

https://github.com/visionmedia/supertest

比较好的例子

https://github.com/expressjs/restful-router

node express upgrade

As part of the 3.x -> 4.x changes, the middleware for processing multipart/form-data request body data was removed from the bodyParser middleware, so it only parses application/x-www-form-urlencoded and application/json request body data.

If you want to use multipart/form-data as the request body, you need to use the multer middleware.

what is rest?

http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2011/09/restful.html

http://www.restapitutorial.com/lessons/whatisrest.html

下面这篇也不错，科普了很多东西

https://github.com/nodeonly/http-api-guide